Describe the effects of Mongol occupation on Russian civilization
Trace Russian expansion under the Ivans.
Greater princes would not be able to gain greater autonomy and increased politically experience as tax collectors
-Commercial and cultural disadvantage forcing Russia to trade with British and merchants
Motivation-Push Mongol overloads back
-IvanIII and IvanIV recruit peasants to migrate-Cossack rise-Conquer of Caspian sea-Move in across Urals (take over)-Trading connections with Asian territories
Aimed to change Russian economy and culture by imitating Western forms
Landlord reforms
Mining industries
Peasants were used to migrate to new countries
Ideology, Motivation, Goals:
Expansion/move of country into western diplomatic and cultural orbit making it completely Western
Better military and ruling (Navy) Expanding land
Significant Actions & events During Term of Power:
Led first westernization
Extended earlier policy of recruiting bureaucrats from outside aristocratic ranks giving them noble titles to reward bureaucratic service-free state from exclusive dependence of aristocratic officials
Western training force created
Tried to streamline Russia’s small bureaucracy and alter military structure by using western organizational principles
Abolished male power over women while encouraging them to wear western style clothing
Moved governors to St. Petersburg Traveled to Europe for observation Made the men shave beards
Short-Term effects:
Reduced Sweden to second-rate military status
Cut Russia from tradition Aristocracy Laws had to go through Peter
Long-Term Effects:
Secret police to prevent dissent (disagreement) and to supervise bureaucracy
Foreign policy
Baltic city-St. Petersburg
Eliminated old noble council creating a set of advisers Revised tax systems Ballet Language: Russian or French Large commercial class In crease of schools in Math and Science
Name of Leader: Catherine “the Great”
Lifespan: death-1796
Title:Consolidation Under Catherine the Great
Country/region: Russia
Years in Power: 1729-1796
Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power: She defended the powers of central monarch
Brought down peasant uprisings after the times of weak government led by Emelian Pugachev
Gave new powers to nobility over serfs maintaining a trade-off- service aristocracy
Local peasants were wielded by noble landlords
Ideology, Motivation, Goals: Consolidate power as a truly Russian ruler
Selective Westernizer: borrowed from Western philosophers
-Decrease on compulsory Education of Russian Nobility-limited (math) education to freeholders and Government clerks-no marriage until school educated
Instruction: -Russia=European state -The possession of the Russian Empire extend upon the terrestrial Globe to 32 degrees of latitude
Significant Actions & events During Term of Power: Used Pugachev rebellion as an excuse to extend powers of central government in regional affairs
Incorporated French enlightenment into her philosophical ideas
Increased the harshness of punishments nobles could decree for their serfs
Increased Russian interference in Polish affairs
Pressed Russia’s interests in Europe
Censored a small band of Russian intellectuals who brought/pushed reforms along Western limes\
Short-Term effects: Closing of Russia’s “seditious” writings of liberals and democrats in the time of the French revolution
Resumed campaigns against Ottoman Empire
Claim of Alaska in Russian name (?
Long-Term Effects: Gave consent to let her husband PeterIII to be killed (in debate)
St. Petersburg’s artistic and architectural renovations
Winning of new territories in central Asia
Compare the extent of Westernization under Peter and Catherine
Describe the effects of Westernization in Russia and assess whether the process overcame the separation of Russia and the West
Although Catherine and Peter both expended on the Russian conversion of the West. Peter focused on a westernization more inward socially as in the shaving of beards, and where sees Catherine came with an intellectual aspect and outward power. She believed that although Westernization was well benefited Russia the need for own personality.
Serfdom (slavery) MI” power of nobility over serfs increase by 17th and 18th century
Increase debt after expulsion of Tartas Mongol forcing peasants into dependence of land owners
- serfdom=heredity status
No primary ownership of land
-peasants illiterate and poor
Popular to government in order to control and satisfy both nobles and peasants when there was no bureaucratic means to (politically)
extended after period of free farming
People born into serf control could not escape serfdom by act of 1649
Could be sold slave system with terrible conditions
Also led eastern economic subordination in west
Serfs in Europe were taxed and policed by land lords
Russian- manufacturing process
peasants could still use goverment regulations to their lives
labor obligation increase
legalism of peasantry- decline
1785 law allowed land lords to punish harshly on serfs convicted
Dependence MI: Economic advances through tough times
Rural small cities dominated Russian
Government growth encouraged sure nobles bureaucrats and professionals
Merchant groups
Trade by Westerns
Trade of Furs with Asia
Double of population by 18th century
Peasant life increase through agriculturally contingency
Social Unrest MI: Russia’s economic and social system leads to protest
Growing group of Western-orientated aristocrats fright for abolishment of serfdom with the surprising recruiting of Russians peasants who holds secret resentment against the nobility
Pugachev-rebellion
Russia and Eastern Europe
MI: Growing trade with the West sparked new cultural exchange by the 18th century
Scientific Revolution
Incorporation of Enlightenment ideas
Loss of Political autonomy during early modern era
Eclipse of Poland highlighted Russian emergence on the European as well as the Eurasian stage
Like Russia the Latin America society was more urban consisting of small villages and cities. Because of this main political and economical opportunities are limited this is in the aspects of Russia in where after the tarter mongol control ended their society was thrown into debt forcing them into the system of serfdom. Latin America however used their encomieda to display economic dominance which within its self may accompany its relaxed state compared to serfdom. Russia used the serfdom system within its own people where the people of spain used the importation of the Indians. Theses two systems both established power within a nobility power if either to please higher up powers or control the society as a whole. Yet although the sense of power showed among the people each governed is left still with a sense of governmental freedom if not within their own land.
- Greater princes would not be able to gain greater autonomy and increased politically experience as tax collectors
-Commercial and cultural disadvantage forcing Russia to trade with British and merchants- Motivation-Push Mongol overloads back
-IvanIII and IvanIV recruit peasants to migrate-Cossack rise-Conquer of Caspian sea-Move in across Urals (take over)-Trading connections with Asian territoriesRomanuf dynasty rule
Aimed to change Russian economy and culture by imitating Western forms
Landlord reforms
Mining industries
Peasants were used to migrate to new countries
Expansion/move of country into western diplomatic and cultural orbit making it completely Western
Better military and ruling (Navy)
Expanding land
Led first westernization
Extended earlier policy of recruiting bureaucrats from outside aristocratic ranks giving them noble titles to reward bureaucratic service-free state from exclusive dependence of aristocratic officials
Western training force created
Tried to streamline Russia’s small bureaucracy and alter military structure by using western organizational principles
Abolished male power over women while encouraging them to wear western style clothing
Moved governors to St. Petersburg
Traveled to Europe for observation
Made the men shave beards
Reduced Sweden to second-rate military status
Cut Russia from tradition
Aristocracy
Laws had to go through Peter
Secret police to prevent dissent (disagreement) and to supervise bureaucracy
Foreign policy
Baltic city-St. Petersburg
Eliminated old noble council creating a set of advisers
Revised tax systems
Ballet
Language: Russian or French
Large commercial class
In crease of schools in Math and Science
She defended the powers of central monarch
Brought down peasant uprisings after the times of weak government led by Emelian Pugachev
Gave new powers to nobility over serfs maintaining a trade-off- service aristocracy
Local peasants were wielded by noble landlords
Consolidate power as a truly Russian ruler
Selective Westernizer: borrowed from Western philosophers
-Decrease on compulsory Education of Russian Nobility-limited (math) education to freeholders and Government clerks-no marriage until school educated
Instruction:
-Russia=European state
-The possession of the Russian Empire extend upon the terrestrial Globe to 32 degrees of latitude
Used Pugachev rebellion as an excuse to extend powers of central government in regional affairs
Incorporated French enlightenment into her philosophical ideas
Increased the harshness of punishments nobles could decree for their serfs
Increased Russian interference in Polish affairs
Pressed Russia’s interests in Europe
Censored a small band of Russian intellectuals who brought/pushed reforms along Western limes\
Closing of Russia’s “seditious” writings of liberals and democrats in the time of the French revolution
Resumed campaigns against Ottoman Empire
Claim of Alaska in Russian name (?
Gave consent to let her husband PeterIII to be killed (in debate)
St. Petersburg’s artistic and architectural renovations
Winning of new territories in central Asia
Serfdom (slavery)
MI” power of nobility over serfs increase by 17th and 18th century
- serfdom=heredity status
-peasants illiterate and poor
Dependence
MI: Economic advances through tough times
Social Unrest
MI: Russia’s economic and social system leads to protest
Russia and Eastern Europe
MI: Growing trade with the West sparked new cultural exchange by the 18th century
Like Russia the Latin America society was more urban consisting of small villages and cities. Because of this main political and economical opportunities are limited this is in the aspects of Russia in where after the tarter mongol control ended their society was thrown into debt forcing them into the system of serfdom. Latin America however used their encomieda to display economic dominance which within its self may accompany its relaxed state compared to serfdom. Russia used the serfdom system within its own people where the people of spain used the importation of the Indians. Theses two systems both established power within a nobility power if either to please higher up powers or control the society as a whole. Yet although the sense of power showed among the people each governed is left still with a sense of governmental freedom if not within their own land.